Effect of Zinc Excess on Some Physiological Parameters and on the Fatty Acids Profile of <i>Sinapis alba</i> L. and <i>Brassica juncea</i> L. (Czern)
Natalia Repkina | Svetlana A. Murzina | Viktor P. Voronin | Natalia Kaznina
Zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient for all living organisms, but in high concentrations, it is a major anthropogenic pollutant. In this study, it was investigated the effect of zinc excess concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in the substrate on some physiological parameters and the dynamics of fatty acid (FA) content in yellow mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L. cv. Belgia) and oriental mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L. (Czern) cv. Slavanka). The Zn concentration of 50 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> did not affect the physiological parameters of yellow mustard, whereas some physiological parameters slightly decreased in oriental mustard. Moreover, this concentration stimulated an increase in total and unsaturated FAs content in leaves of both species, along with high Zn accumulation by both species. The Zn concentrations of 100 and 150 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> in substrate had a negative effect on the state of plants as measured by the studied physiological parameters and caused different changes in FAs content in yellow and oriental mustard. Particularly, the total amount of FA increased in comparison to the control, but this increase was due to an elevation in saturated FA (SFA) content. At the same time, the total FA content in oriental mustard slightly decreased while the proportion of unsaturated FAs to SFA kept rising. According to the present data and analysis of the available literature, two strategies of adaptation to heavy metals were suggested through the changes in FAs: height-resistant horticultural plant species on the one side and sensitive species on the other.
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