A Structure Shaped by Fire, but Also Water: Ecological Consequences of the Variability in Bark Properties Across 31 Species From the Brazilian Cerrado
Lucas Loram-Lourenço | Fernanda dos Santos Farnese | Letícia Ferreira de Sousa | Rauander Douglas Ferreira Barros Alves | Maria Clara Pereira de Andrade | Sabrina Emanuella da Silva Almeida | Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura | Alan Carlos Costa | Fabiano Guimarães Silva | Jeroni Galmés | Hervé Cochard | Augusto Cesar Franco | Paulo Eduardo Menezes-Silva
Bark is a structure involved in multiple physiological functions, but which has been traditionally associated with protection against fire. Thus, little is known about how the morpho-anatomical variations of this structure are related to different ecological pressures, especially in tropical savanna species, which are commonly subjected to frequent fire and drought events. Here we evaluated how the structural and functional variations of bark are related to the processes of resilience and resistance to fire, as well as transport and storage of water in 31 native species from the Brazilian Cerrado. Because of their thick bark, none of the trees analyzed were top-killed after a severe fire event. The structural and functional variations of the bark were also associated with water storage and transport, functions related to properties of the inner bark. In fact, species with a thicker and less dense inner bark were the ones that had the highest water contents in the wood, bark, and leaves. Lower bark density was also related to higher stem hydraulic conductivity, carbon assimilation, and growth. Overall, we provide strong evidence that in addition to protection from fire, the relative investment in bark also reflects different strategies of water use and conservation among many Cerrado tree species.
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