Short-Term Observations of Rainfall Chemistry Composition in Bellsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
Sara Lehmann-Konera | Marek Ruman | Marcin Frankowski | Łukasz Małarzewski | Krzysztof Raczyński | Filip Pawlak | Joanna Jóźwik | Joanna Potapowicz | Żaneta Polkowska
Global warming results in increasingly widespread wildfires, mostly in Siberia, but also in North America and Europe, which are responsible for the uncontrollable emission of pollutants, also to the High Arctic region. This study examines 11 samples of rainfall collected in August in a coastal area of southern Bellsund (Svalbard, Norway). It covers detailed analysis of major ions (i.e., <i>Cl</i><sup>−</sup>, <i>NO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and <i>SO</i><sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and elements (i.e., <i>Cu</i>, <i>Fe</i>, <i>Mn</i>, <i>Pb</i>, and <i>Zn</i>) to Hybrid Single-Particle Langrarian Integrated Trajectory( HYSPLIT) backward air mass trajectories. The research of wildfires, volcanic activities, and dust storms in the Northern Hemisphere has permitted the assessment of their relations to the fluctuations and origins of elements. We distinguished at least 2 days (27 and 28 August) with evident influence of volcanic activity in the Aleutian and Kuril–Kamchatka trenches. Volcanic activity was also observed in the case of the Siberian wildfires, as confirmed by air mass trajectories. Based on the presence of non-sea <i>K</i> (<i>nsK</i>), non-sea sulphates (<i>nss</i>), and <i>Ca</i> (the soil factor of burned areas), the continuous influence of wildfires on rainfall chemistry was also found. Moreover, dust storms in Eurasia were mainly responsible for the transport of <i>Zn</i>, <i>Pb</i>, and <i>Cd</i> to Svalbard. Global warming may lead to the increased deposition of mixed-origin pollutants in the summer season in the Arctic.
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