Side effects of thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine on the black bean aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
2017
Ardavan Mardani | Ali Almasi | Seyed Mehdi Hashemi, et al.
Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall is the main parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli. Lethal and sublethal effects of thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine were evaluated on the parasitoid under laboratory conditions. Newly emerged females were exposed to dry insecticide residues that were applied on glass plates. Thiacloprid+deltamethrin caused 100% mortality. Pirimicarb produced significant mortality and adverse effects on fecundity, while pymetrozin did not. According to the IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control) standards, thiacloprid+deltamethrin (E = 100%), pirimicarb (E = 62.70%) and pymetrozine (E = 11.86%) were classified as harmful, slightly harmful and harmless, respectively. Life table assays revealed that intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) inthiacloprid+deltamethrin (50%) and pirimicarb (12%) were significantly reduced compared to the control group, while pymetrozine had no such effects. Our results showed that pymetrozine was safe for L. fabarum, but pirimicarb and thiacloprid+deltamethrin had deleterious effects on this parasitoid. In sum, the present study suggests a relative compatibility between pymetrozine and L. fabarum.
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