Different Evolutionary Trends of Galloanseres: Mitogenomics Analysis
Shengyang Zhou | Xibao Wang | Lidong Wang | Xiaodong Gao | Tianshu Lyu | Tian Xia | Lupeng Shi | Yuehuan Dong | Xuesong Mei | Zhihao Zhang | Honghai Zhang
The two existing clades of Galloanseres, orders Galliformes (landfowl) and Anseriformes (waterfowl), exhibit dramatically different evolutionary trends. Mitochondria serve as primary sites for energy production in organisms, and numerous studies have revealed their role in biological evolution and ecological adaptation. We assembled the complete mitogenome sequences of two species of the genus <i>Aythya</i> within Anseriformes: <i>Aythya baeri</i> and <i>Aythya marila</i>. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for 142 species within Galloanseres, and their divergence times were inferred. The divergence between Galliformes and Anseriformes occurred ~79.62 million years ago (Mya), followed by rapid evolution and diversification after the Middle Miocene (~13.82 Mya). The analysis of selective pressure indicated that the mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) of Galloanseres species have predominantly undergone purifying selection. The free-ratio model revealed that the evolutionary rates of <i>COX1</i> and <i>COX3</i> were lower than those of the other PCGs, whereas <i>ND2</i> and <i>ND6</i> had faster evolutionary rates. The CmC model also indicated that most PCGs in Anseriformes exhibited stronger selective constraints. Our study suggests that the distinct evolutionary trends and energy requirements of Galliformes and Anseriformes drive different evolutionary patterns in the mitogenome.
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