Hepatitis E Virus Occurrence in Pigs Slaughtered in Italy
Eleonora Chelli | Elisabetta Suffredini | Paola De Santis | Dario De Medici | Santina Di Bella | Stefania D’Amato | Francesca Gucciardi | Annalisa Guercio | Fabio Ostanello | Vitantonio Perrone | Giuseppa Purpari | Gaia Sofia Scavia | Pietro Schembri | Bianca Maria Varcasia | Ilaria Di Bartolo
In Europe, foodborne transmission has been clearly associated to sporadic cases and small clusters of hepatitis E in humans linked to the consumption of contaminated pig liver sausages, raw venison, or undercooked wild boar meat. In Europe, zoonotic HEV-genotype 3 strains are widespread in pig farms but little information is available on the prevalence of HEV positive pigs at slaughterhouse. In the present study, the prevalence of HEV-RNA positive pigs was assessed on 585 animals from 4 abattoirs located across Italy. Twenty-one pigs (3.6%) tested positive for HEV in either feces or liver by real-time RT-PCR. In these 21 pigs, eight diaphragm muscles resulted positive for HEV-RNA. Among animals collected in one abattoir, 4 out of 91 plasma tested positive for HEV-RNA. ELISA tests for the detection of total antibodies against HEV showed a high seroprevalence (76.8%), confirming the frequent exposure of pigs to the virus. The phylogenetic analyses conducted on sequences of both <i>ORF1</i> and <i>ORF2</i> fragments, shows the circulation of HEV-3c and of a novel unclassified subtype. This study provides information on HEV occurrence in pigs at the slaughterhouse, confirming that muscles are rarely contaminated by HEV-RNA compared to liver, which is the most frequently positive for HEV.
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