Identification of High-Risk Areas for the Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Central Luzon, Philippines
Roderick Salvador | Neil Tanquilut | Kannika Na Lampang | Warangkhana Chaisowwong | Dirk Pfeiffer | Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a major problem in the poultry industry. It is highly contagious and is associated with a high mortality rate. The Philippines experienced an outbreak of avian influenza (AI) in 2017. As there is always a risk of re-emergence, efforts to manage disease outbreaks should be optimal. Linked to this is the need for an effective surveillance procedure to capture disease outbreaks at their early stage. Risk-based surveillance is the most effective and economical approach to outbreak management. This study evaluated the potential of commercial poultry farms in Central Luzon to transmit HPAI by calculating their respective reproductive ratios (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The reproductive number for each farm is based on the spatial kernel and the infectious period. A risk map has been created based on the calculated R<sub>0</sub>. There were 882 (76.63%) farms with <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> < 1. Farms with <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> ≥ 1 were all located in Pampanga Province. These farms were concentrated in the towns of San Luis (<i>n</i> = 12) and Candaba (<i>n</i> = 257). This study demonstrates the utility of mapping farm-level <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> estimates for informing HPAI risk management activities.
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