Effects of buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and fenpropathrin on the reproductive parameters of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
A. Heidari | S. Moharramipour | A. A. Poor-mirza | A. A. Talebi
Insecticide application is necessary for controlling Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) in integrated pest management, so if they donât have any side effects on Encarsia Formosa Gahan, they can be used as alternatives for common insecticides. Therefore an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen (IGRs) compared with fenpropathrin (pyrethroid) on E. formosa. Bean leaves with parasitoid pupae were immersed in insecticide solution with recommended concentration. In another experiment adult insects were released on a leaf disk after immersion in insecticide solution, thereafter, different parameters such as adult longevity, daily fecundity rate and percentage of egg hatching were recorded with demographic toxicology. These experiment was done under temperature of 26±1 ºC, 60% RH and photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D). Pyriproxyfen and fenpropathrin reduced adult emergence by 27.5% and 67.8 % respectively, while buprofezin (3.8%) didnât have a considerable lethal effect on parasitoid pupae. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen didnât have lethal effect on adult parasitoids while fenpropathrin caused 100% mortality in the recommended concentration. Mean fecundity and longevity showed no significant difference in buprofezin (59.6 ± 5.4) (14.5 ± 1.0) and pyriproxyfen (62.5 ± 4.8) (15.0 ± 0.9) compared with the control (64.5 ± 5.3) (15.5 ± 0.8), while fenprpathrin (20.4 ± 2.4) (6.6 ± 0.6) reduced these parameters. Egg hatch rate showed a little reduction in buprofezin and pyriproxyfen compared with the control. In summery we can conclude that buprofezin and pyriproxyfen are relatively safe for E. formosa and they can probably be used for integrated control of this pest.
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