PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SUNFLOWER DEPENDING ON THE CONDITIONS OF THE RELIEF, SOIL TREATMENT AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
2019
M.N. Ryazanov | E.G. Kotlyarova | V.Ya. Gorin
The purpose of the research was to identify the optimal combination of soil-protecting and mediumimproving techniques in order to increase the productivity of sunflower when it is cultivated on the slopes of a 3-5° steepness of northern exposure in the formed environmentally sustainable agricultural landscapes of the Central Russian upland of the central black earth. A three-factor experiment was carried out: factor A (relief conditions): 1. Slope 0-3°, 2. slope 3-5° of north exposure; factor B: 1. Plowing (control) – PLN-4-35 to a depth of 25-27 cm, 2. Deep nonmoldboard cultivation – SunFlower to a depth of 25-27 cm, 3. without processing (No-till); factor C: 1. Without fertilizers; 2. Green manure (white mustard); 3. Straw compost (20 t/ha). As a result of research, the effect of differences in relief conditions on the productivity of sunflower was not established. Conducting the main tillage, regardless of the method (moldboard or nonmoldboard) contributed to a significant increase in the yield of sunflower (by 0.2-0.3 t/ha) and oil content of its seeds (by 1.2-1.4%). The positive effect of compost was revealed, especially when it was applied when plowing, which ensured the highest yield of 3.21 t/ha and oil collection (1.66 t/ha). This gave grounds to continue research on other important aspects of sunflower cultivation on the slopes (3-5°) of the northern exposure, including the study of fertility indicators and soil erosion resistance, in order to expand its crops with such lands under the obligatory condition of full development of landscape farming systems.
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