EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION IN GRAIN-FALLOW CROP ROTATION

The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of various methods of primary soil cultivation in combination with intensification means and protection of winter wheat from harmful objects on the yield and economic efficiency. The work was carried out in the conditions of the north- east of the Central Black Earth Region on typical chernozem with a humus content of 6.8-7.0%, in a stationary field experiment of the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture in a grain-fallow crop rotation (black fallow – winter wheat - soybeans - barley). It was shown that the use of resource- saving methods of basic tillage – surface tillage (discing at 10-12 cm) in the crop rotation under the combined moldboard-surface system provided the formation of winter wheat yield at the level of control with traditional moldboard plowing at 20-22 cm - 5.66 t/ha (with 5.65 on the control). Against the background of shiftless surface tillage in the crop rotation, crop productivity decreased by 1.9 c/ha and amounted to 5.46 t/ha. Winter wheat responded positively to the increase in the level of mineral nutrition. Increasing the fertilizer dose from (NPK)30 to (NPK)60 was accompanied by an increase in yield of 0.43 t/ha. In the variant with spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate N30, the yield was 5.31 t/ha or 0.61 t/ha less than (NPK)60. The use of a full range of plant protection measures (seed treatment + pesticides during vegetation) ensured an increase in yield by 0.39 t/ha. The highest level of payback was observed in technologies based on surface tillage with a combined tillage system in crop rotation with a full range of plant protection products and spring fertilization with ammonium nitrate, amounting to 5.22 rubles/ruble. Increasing the level of mineral nutrition to (NPK)60 reduced this indicator by 23.4%, while the cost price increased by 20.6%