Disinfection of Activated Sludge by Combination of the Fenton Reagent and Physical Treatment
Māra Blumfelde | Aija Dēliņa | Kristina Puzane | Vadims Bartkevičs | Olga Muter
Biological wastewater treatment plants could serve as an important alternative to renewable biological nitrogen mines, which are locally available and have a low carbon footprint. Recent progress in Fenton processes has revealed their potential use for sludge treatment to decrease organic contamination and pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentrations of metal catalyst Fe(II) and hydrogen peroxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for activated sludge (AS) disinfection using the Fenton process at near-neutral pH, alone and in combination with thermal treatment and UV radiation. The efficiency of the 48 h treatment was evaluated by log reduction, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, concentration of pharmaceuticals, changes in antimicrobial resistance, and ecotoxicity. Using the desirability function approach, a combination of 239 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 8.6 mM Fe(II) was found to be optimal in frames of the chosen concentrations of reagents. The FDA hydrolysis activity correlated with log reduction at 287 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and different Fe(II) concentrations. Sludge treatment resulted in the removal of ciprofloxacin by 65.5%. The sets with the highest log reduction, i.e., additionally treated by heating and UV, were accompanied by increasing ecotoxic effects on crustaceans, <i>Thamnocephalus platyurus</i>. The Fenton process shows prospective ways on sludge stabilization for its application as a fertilizer.
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