Limitations in the growth and development of chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., due to habitat change
2024
Jorge CADENA-IÑIGUEZ | Juan F. AGUIRRE-MEDINA | Daniel A. CADENA-ZAMUDIO | Lucero del M. RUIZ-POSADAS | Jorge D. CADENA-ZAMUDIO | Luis A. BARRERA-GUZMÁN | Ma. de Lourdes ARÉVALO-GALARZA
Several soil minerals have not been considered in the expansion of chayote cultivation with and without biotic and abiotic stress, despite being an essential and necessary element in plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to describe the changes that occur in the growth of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. under the influence of agroclimatic conditions different from those of its center of origin, such as temperature, light, and soil types. The study was carried out in three production localities in Veracruz, Mexico in one year equivalent to two productive seasons. Physiological variables were recorded under field and cultivated conditions in three different agroclimatic conditions in the Mesophilic Cloud Forest (MNF), Medium Sub-evergreen Forest (MBS) and Seasonal Dry Forest (SSE). It was found that the calcium (Ca2+) concentration and pH value of the soils of the three regions. X-ray analysis showed the formation of crystals in leaf, petiole and stem tissue, consisting mainly of phosphorus, calcium and silicon. Leaf area showed burns and leaf necrosis in soils with high Ca2+ content. Chlorophyll content and CO2 assimilation rate were lower in plants grown under MSF and SDF conditions compared to CMF. Environmental temperature, altitude, precipitation, pH, chlorophylls, as well as Ca2+, Mg, organic matter, N, Fe, Zn and Mn, were variables that help to explain the limitations of S. edule development in the crop expansion sites. The results can be considered as a reference and avoid failures due to displacement of S. edule to limiting agroclimatic conditions.
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