Effect of Photoperiod on Nutritional Quality of Muscle and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>
Yingying Fang | Fan Fei | Fulu Guo | Chengliang Zhu | Xiaoqiang Gao | Wenyang Li | Hongjun Yang | Yan Sun | Chuanxin Zhang | Baoliang Liu
Photoperiod serves as a significant environmental signal for organisms and plays a critical role in regulating their metabolic processes. This research aimed to investigate the lipid metabolism and nutritional quality of adults <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (wet weight: 11.27 ± 0.73 g, body length: 12.45 ± 0.42 cm) under five photoperiods (0L:24D, 8L:16D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, and 24L:0D) for 40 days in recirculating water systems (RASs). The 24L:0D group increased lipid metabolism, as indicated by increased lipid metabolism enzyme levels and related gene expression linked to lipogenesis. Additionally, shrimp in the 24L:0D exhibited the highest value of crude fat. The 0L:24D showed a significantly reduced content of crude fat compared with the 8L:16D and 12L:12D. In 24L:0D, the content of total essential amino acids (TEAAs), total hydrolyzed essential amino acids (THEAAs), and total non-essential amino acids (TNEAAs) increased significantly. Similarly, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in 24L:0D was also higher than in other groups. Conversely, 0L:24D resulted in lower metabolic activity and a reduction in PUFA content. In conclusion, prolonging light could benefit shrimp cultivation. This study thoroughly examined the effects of varying photoperiods on muscle quality and lipid metabolism in <i>L. vannamei</i>, providing essential insights for the improvement of indoor aquaculture environments. Provision of light for 24 h improves production but has some adverse effects on animal welfare, so a 16 h light cycle is recommended.
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