Evaluation of spatial models in the estimation of genetic parameters for incidence of frosty pod rot and production in Theobroma cacao full-sib family trials
Bonilla, José Luis Solís | Denis, Marie | Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei | Valencia, Biaani Beeu Martínez | Wong, Julio Alfonso Chia | Gramacho, Karina Peres | Universidade Estadual De Santa Cruz [Brazil] (UESC) | Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL) ; Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL) | Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias [Mexico] (INIFAP) | Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva (UNAS) | Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau - CEPLAC (BRAZIL) | Gratitude to the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) for their interest and support for the development of this research in Mexico (Projects no. 260075 M and 2077067 A) and his interest in the development of new productive cacao cultivars resistant to frosty pod rot since year 2005. Nestle de Mexico for their valuable support and funding of this study since 2008 to 2012 (grant no.749-08-A3). To the Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnologia del Estado de Chiapas (COCyTECH) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) for also funding the Project from 2011 to 2012 (project no. CHIS-2010-C10-148689). To the Program of Partnerships for Education and Training (PAEC) between the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Coimbra Group of Brazilian Universities (GCUB) and the coordination for the improvement of higher-level personnel (CAPES), for supporting the first author with a grant aid during the doctoral program. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq supported KPG.
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. In this study, we performed spatial analyses to estimate genetic parameters for the incidence of frosty pod rot and yield in two progeny trials of the breeding program of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr & iacute;colas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) in Mexico. We identified spatial autocorrelation through graphical analyses of distribution, isotropic variograms, and Moran's index. We used three spatial models for each trait: B-Splines, First-order Autoregressive (AR), and Bayesian Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive (ICAR). We found that the data correlated over a maximum distance ranging from 6 to 10 m. The intensity of spatial autocorrelation, according to Moran's index, was 0.11 to 0.18 (p < 0.001, Z > 2.5). The Bayesian hierarchical and first-order autoregressive methods improved the model fit compared to the Spline approach. Heritability estimates were h(2) = 0.11 +/- 0.08 to 19 +/- 0.10 for bean dry weight per tree, 0.11 +/- 0.08 for the total number of pods per tree, and 0.36 +/- 0.15 to 0.42 +/- 0.16 for frosty pod rot disease. Correlations between models averaged r = 0.99, p < 0.001, with an average match ranging from 0.77 to 0.96 in the ranking of individuals under a selection pressure of 5%. These models contributed to understanding spatial patterns of disease dynamics and cacao production. Important traits for the INIFAP's breeding program and other programs facing the same challenges were considered in this study, aiming to improve the efficiency of those programs. Incorporation of these methods into breeding programs may allow for accurate estimation of the genetic parameters underlying the quantitative genetics of cacao trees, at the same time saving time and resources.
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