Domestic fowl breed variation in egg white protein expression: application of proteomics and transcriptomics
Bílková, Barbora | Zita, Lukáš | Laloë, Denis | Charles, Mathieu | Beneš, Vladimír | Stopka, Pavel | Vinkler, Michal | Faculty of Science - Department of Zoology ; Univerzita Karlova [Praha, Česká republika] = Charles University [Prague, Czech Republic] (UK) | Faculty of Agrobiology - Food and Natural Resources - Department of Animal Science ; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU) | Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay | European Molecular Biology Laboratory | National Grid Infrastructure MetaCentrum CESNET LM2015042 ; Charles University Grant Agency 275715 ; Charles University Research Centre Program 204069 ; INTER-COST LTC18060 ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic ; BIOCEV CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109 ; National Program for Sustainability II from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports LQ1604 SVV 260 434/2018
Avian egg white is essential for protecting and nourishing bird embryos during their development. Being produced in the female magnum, variability in hen oviduct gene expression may affect egg white composition in domestic chickens. Since traditional poultry breeds may represent a source of variation, in the present study we describe the egg white proteome (mass spectrometry) and corresponding magnum transcriptome (high-throughput sequencing) for 20 hens from five domestic fowl breeds (large breeds: Araucana, Czech golden pencilled, Minorca; and small breeds: Booted bantam, Rosecomb bantam). In total, we identified 189 egg white proteins and 16391 magnum-expressed genes. The majority of egg white protein content comprised proteins with an antimicrobial function. Despite general similarity, Between-class Principal Component Analysis revealed significant breed-specific variability in protein abundances, differentiating especially small and large breeds. Though we found strong association between magnum mRNA expression and egg white protein abundance across genes, coinertia analysis revealed no transcriptome/proteome costructure at the individual level. Our study is the first to show variation in protein abundances in egg white across chicken breeds with potential effects on egg quality, biosafety, and chick development. The observed interindividual variation probably results from post-transcriptional regulation creating a discrepancy between proteomic and transcriptomic data.
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