Superheroes and masterminds of plant domestication
Martinez-Ainsworth, Natalia E. | Tenaillon, Maud | Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université Paris Sud (Paris 11) | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | AgroParisTech | Agence nationale de la recherche [ANR 12-ADAP-0002-01]; CONACYT scholarship [579966/410748]
Domestication is one of the most fundamental changes in the evolution of human societies. The geographical origins of domesticated plants are inferred from archaeology, ecology and genetic data. Scenarios vary among species and include single, diffuse or multiple independent domestications. Cultivated plants present a panel of traits, the "domestication syndrome'' that distinguish them from their wild relatives. It encompasses yield-, food usage-, and cultivation-related traits. Most genes underlying those traits are "masterminds'' affecting the regulation of gene networks. Phenotypic convergence of domestication traits across species or within species between independently domesticated forms rarely coincides with convergence at the gene level. We review here current data/models that propose a protracted transition model for domestication and investigate the impact of mating system, life cycle and gene flow on the pace of domestication. Finally, we discuss the cost of domestication, pointing to the importance of characterizing adaptive functional variation in wild resources. (C) 2016 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
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