Response of crop yield to different time-scales of drought in the United States: Spatio-temporal patterns and climatic and environmental drivers

16 Pags.- 2 Tabls.- 9 Figs.

This article presents an analysis of the response of the annual crop yield in five main dryland cultivations in the United States to different time-scales of drought, and explores the environmental and climatic characteristics that determine the response. For this purpose we analysed barley, winter wheat, soybean, corn and cotton. Drought was quantified by means of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The results demonstrate a strong response in the interannual variability of crop yields to the drought time-scales in the different cultivations. Moreover, the response is highly spatially variable. Crop types showed considerable differences in the month in which their yields are most strongly linked to drought conditions. Some crops (e.g. winter wheat) responded to drought at medium to long SPEI time-scales, while other crops (e.g. soybean and corn) responded to short or long drought time-scales. The study confirms that the differences in the patterns of crop yield response to drought time-scales are mostly controlled by average climate conditions, in general, and water availability (precipitation), in particular. Generally, we found that there is a weaker link between crop yield and drought severity in humid environments and also that the response tends to occur over longer time-scales.

This work was supported by the research project I-Link1001 (Validation of climate drought indices for multi-sectorial applications in North America and Europe under a global warming scenario) financed by CSIC, PCIN-2015-220, CGL2014-52135-C03-01, Red de variabilidad y cambio climático RECLIM (CGL2014-517221-REDT) financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER, and IMDROFLOOD financed by the Water Works 2014 co-funded call of the European Commission. Marina Peña-Gallardo was granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Natalia Martin-Hernandez was supported by a doctoral grant by the Aragón Regional Government; and Miquel Tomas-Burguera was supported by a doctoral grant by el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Jamie Hannaford was supported by the Belmont Forum project ‘DrIVER’, NERC Grant Number (grant NE/L010038/1).

Peer reviewed