Mucilage from seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) used as soil conditioner; effects on the sorption-desorption of four herbicides in three different soils

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The objective of this work was to determine the effect of the mucilage extracted from Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) as soil amendment on soil physical properties and on the sorption-desorption behaviour of four herbicides (MCPA, Diuron, Clomazone and Terbuthylazine) used in cereal crops. Three soils of different texture (sandy-loam, loam and clay-loam) were selected, and mercury intrusion porosimetry and surface area analysis were used to examine changes in the microstructural characteristics caused by the reactions that occur between the mucilage and soil particles. Laboratory studies were conducted to characterise the selected herbicides with regard their sorption on tested soils added or not with the mucilage. Mucilage amendment resulted in a reduction in soil porosity, basically due to a reduction in larger pores (radius > 10 μm) and an important increase in finer pores (radius < 10 μm) and in partcles’ surface. A higher herbicide sorption in the amended soils was ascertained when compared to unamended soils. The sorption percentage of herbicides in soils treated with mucilage increased in the order; sandy-loam < loam < clay-loam. The increase in the organic carbon content upon amendment and the natural clay content of the soils are revealed to be responsible for the higher adsorption of Diuron when compared with Terbuthylazine, Clomazone and MCPA. Desorption of the herbicides was highly inhibited in the soils treated with mucilage; only Terbuthylazine showed a slight desorption in the case of loam and clay loam-soils. This study leads to the conclusion that mucilage from Chia seeds used as soil conditioner can reduce the mobility of herbicides tested in agricultural soils with different physico-chemical properties

The authors thank the funding projects: AGL2016-77821-R of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.This research was carried out in the framework of the Project ‘SMART Basilicata’ (Contract n. 6386-3, 20 July 2016), which was approved by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research - MIUR (PON04A200165) and was funded with the Cohesion Fund 2007–2013 of the Basilicata Regional Authority. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Caterina di Maio for providing the clay-loam soil samples, Masserie Saraceno for access to the loam soil samples and Dr. Alaa Aldin Alromeed for assistance in the setup of mucilage extraction.

Peer reviewed