Exploring the Genetic Potential for Multi-Resistance to Rust and Other Coffee Phytopathogens in Breeding Programs
Bruna Lopes Mariz | Eveline Teixeira Caixeta | Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende | Antônio Carlos Baião de Oliveira | Dênia Pires de Almeida | Danúbia Rodrigues Alves
The application of marker-assisted selection in coffee breeding programs accelerates the identification and concentration of target alleles, being essential for developing cultivars resistant to multiple diseases. In this study, a population was developed from artificial crossings between Timor Hybrid and Tupi Amarelo, with the aim of promoting the pyramiding of resistance genes to the main diseases and pests of <i>Coffea arabica</i>: coffee leaf rust (CLR), coffee berry disease (CBD), cercospora, and leaf miner. Resistance was confirmed by nine molecular markers at loci associated with CLR (genes <i>SH3</i>, <i>CC-NBS-LRR, RLK</i>, <i>QTL-GL2</i>, and <i>GL5</i>) and with CBD (gene <i>Ck-1</i>). The resistance to CLR, cercospora, and leaf miner was evaluated using phenotypic diagrammatic scales. Mixed models estimated population superiority in 16 morphoagronomic traits over four agricultural years. The introgression of resistance alleles to CLR and CBD was identified in 98.6% of the population, with 29% showing pyramiding of five resistance genes. These pyramiding genotypes showed 100% resistance to the leaf miner and 90% to cercospora. The traits were grouped into univariate, bivariate, and trivariate repeatability models, with 11 significant ones. These results are indicative of genetic variability to be explored in the development of cultivars with multiple resistances and high agronomic potential.
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