Ecological correlates of large carnivore depredation on sheep in Europe
Gervasi, Vincenzo | Linnell, John, D C | Berce, Tomaž | Boitani, Luigi | Cerne, Rok | Ciucci, Paolo | Cretois, Benjamin | Derron-Hilfiker, Daniela | Duchamp, Christophe | Gastineau, Adrienne | Grente, Oksana | Huber, Djuro | Iliopoulos, Yorgos | Karamanlidis, Alexandros, A | Kojola, Ilpo | Marucco, Francesca | Mertzanis, Yorgos | Männil, Peep | Norberg, Harri | Pagon, Nives | Pedrotti, Luca | Quenette, Pierre-Yves | Reljic, Slaven | Salvatori, Valeria | Talvi, Tõnu | von Arx, Manuela | Gimenez, Olivier | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) | Slovenia Forest Service | Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA) | Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU) ; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) | Association Suisse pour le Développement de l'Agriculture et de l'Espace Rural (AGRIDEA) | Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) | Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | University of Zagreb | Auteur indépendant | ARCTUROS, Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment | Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) | Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO) | Estonian Environment Agency | Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio = Stelvio National Park (SNP) | Istituto di Ecologia Applicata di Roma | Projets de gestion coordonnés pour la protection et la gestion des carnivores en Suisse (KORA) | J. Linnell was funded by the Research Council of Norway (grant 251112). | ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010) | ANR-16-CE02-0007,DEMOCOM,Effets de la gestion et du climat sur la dynamique des communautés - Développement d'une démographie multi-espèce.(2016)
International audience
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Sharing space with large carnivores on a human-dominated continent like Europe results in multiple conflictful interactions with human interests, of which depredation on livestock is the most widespread. We conducted an analysis of the impact by all four European large carnivores on sheep farming in 10 European countries, during the period 2010–2015. We ran a hierarchical Simultaneous Autoregressive model, to assess the influence of several ecological factors on the reported depredation levels. About 35,000 (SD = 4110) sheep kills were compensated in the ten countries as caused by large carnivores annually, representing 0.5% of the total sheep stock. Of them, 45% were recognized as killed by wolves, 24% by wolverines, 19% by lynx and 12% by bears. We found a positive relationship between wolf distribution and the number of compensated sheep, but not for the other three species. Depredation levels were lower in the areas where large carnivore presence has been continuous compared to areas where they disappeared and returned in the last 50 years. Our study shows that a few large carnivores can produce high damage, when the contribution of environmental, social, and economic systems predisposes for it, whereas large populations can produce a limited impact when the same components of the system reduce the probability that depredations occur. Time of coexistence plays in favour of a progressive reduction in the associated costs, provided that the responsible agencies focus their attention both on compensation and co-adaptation.
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