Optimizing Fungicide Seed Treatments for Early Foliar Disease Management in Wheat Under Northern Great Plains Conditions
Collins Bugingo | Shaukat Ali | Dalitso Yabwalo | Emmanuel Byamukama
Tan spot (<i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i>) and stripe rust (<i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) are major foliar diseases of wheat, causing significant yield losses globally. This study evaluated the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments in managing these diseases during early growth stages under greenhouse, growth chamber, and field conditions in the Northern Great Plains. Winter and spring wheat cultivars were treated with pyraclostrobin or combinations of thiamethoxam, difenoconazole, mefenoxam, fludioxonil, and sedaxane, among others. Greenhouse and growth chamber plants were inoculated with the respective pathogens, while field trials relied on natural inoculum. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced stripe rust severity (up to 36%) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and moderately reduced tan spot severity during early growth stages (15–20%). Treated plants demonstrated a 30–40% improvement in plant vigor, and a 25–50% increase in winter survival. Additionally, grain yield in treated plots increased by 25–50% (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), with test weight and protein content improving by 10% and 15%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of fungicide seed treatments as an integrated pest (or pathogen) management (IPM) strategy to enhance early foliar disease control and wheat productivity.
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