Influence of Habitat Factors on the Yield, Morphological Characteristics, and Total Phenolic/Flavonoid Content of Wild Garlic (<i>Allium ursinum</i> L.) in the Republic of Serbia
Stefan V. Gordanić | Aleksandar Ž. Kostić | Đorđe Moravčević | Sandra Vuković | Sofija Kilibarda | Ana Dragumilo | Željana Prijić | Milan Lukić | Tatjana Marković
<i>Allium ursinum</i> L. (Alliaceae) is a perennial geophyte known for its medicinal properties. This study examines the yield, morphological characteristics, and bioactive component composition of <i>A. ursinum</i> across forty-three different habitats in Serbia, focusing on the relationship between these factors and habitat conditions. Data on habitat locations and soil conditions were gathered from previous studies, while climate parameters were estimated using meteorological data from the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia. Cluster analysis identified five habitat clusters, with the first and third clusters representing 88% of the sampled habitats. Fresh leaf yield H1:39.46–H15:564.83 g m⁻<sup>2</sup> was correlated with morphological parameters grouped into two clusters. A positive correlation was found between habitat conditions, particularly soil type and altitude. Spectrophotometric quantification of phenolics (1.47–2.49 mg FAE g<sup>−1</sup>) and flavonoids (0.27–0.82 mg QE g<sup>−1</sup>) identified five clusters, with soil type being the key factor influencing bioactive component concentration. <i>A. ursinum</i> displayed significant adaptability, thriving in higher altitudes and fertile soils, which enhanced yield and morphological traits, though inversely related to bioactive components. These findings support sustainable cultivation and conservation practices for <i>A. ursinum</i>.
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