Estabilidad de producción comercial y agrupamiento de clones avanzados de papa en el noreste de México

"El cultivo de la papa ocupa el segundo lugar en la producción hortícola en México y se cultiva en la mayoría de los casos, materiales genéticos introducidos seleccionados para y en condiciones agroecológicas diferentes a las de nuestro país, razón por la cual, al establecer estos materiales en las diferentes zonas productoras de papa en México, estos materiales no expresan su máximo potencial de rendimiento"

"Potato crop occupies the second place in Mexico’s horticultural production and, in most cases introduced genetic materials are cultivated, selected for and in mexican agroecological conditions different from those of our country, meaning when establishing these materials on the different potato producing zones in Mexico, that do not express their maximum potential yield. In this study, four advanced clones were evaluated from the Saltillo Potato Program Experimental Field of INIFAP (91-25-4, 91-9-3, 91-10-1 and 91- 12-2) and as control, commercial Alpha and Atlantic varieties in 10 regional environments to determine its production stability and, to evaluate the following agronomic and quality characteristics: Plant height, stems number, emergency days to clear, solids percent and fried quality. Trials on every environment were established under a randomized complete-bock design with three replications. A second category seed was used and experiments settled on cooperating producers commercial plots, phytosanitary control was done according to every lot needs and technology used in the region. Commercial yield characteristics, agronomic and quality were analyzed by conglomerate analysis (Cluster Analysis) and, production stability was determined using the proposed method by Eberhart and Russell (1966) and, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method. The genotype environment interaction analysis (IGA) by both used methodologies, identified as stable the clone 91-10-1 and also for its great potential yield the clones 91-25-4 and 91-9-3, are recommended for the Northeast region of Mexico. Given the IGA proportion explained for each methodology, the AMMI method is desirable for stability quantification better than the one developed by Eberhart and Russell (1966). Conglomerates analysis is a useful tool on the genotypes preliminary study, giving valuable information about them. From evaluated genotypes, clones studied had a better behavior than the introduced ones, heading stability the 91-10-1 clone and, for its higher potential yield clones 91-25-4 and 91-12-2, grouping on the first conglomerate. By hybridization between introduced and Mexican varieties, better adaptative materials to our agroecological conditions are obtained and, for that, they express a higher potential yield and adequate quality"