What made 2023 and 2024 the hottest years in a row?
2025
Shang-Ping Xie | Ayumu Miyamoto | Pengcheng Zhang | Yu Kosaka | Yu Liang | Nicholas J. Lutsko
Abstract Global surface temperature reached a record high in 2023. Using a global climate model, we show that El Niño along with extratropical variability boosted 2023 to be the hottest year on a background warming of 0.2 °C/decade. Our model initialized in July 2024 correctly predicted that 2024 was on track to become yet another hottest year on record.
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