HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF BALKAN DONKEYS: HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

The Balkan donkey (Equus asinus asinus), an endangered and historically significant breed native to Serbia, is critically understudied in terms of its health and physiology. As the population dwindles, a deeper understanding of its physiological parameters is vital for developing tailored conservation strategies. This study evaluated hematological and biochemical parameters in 70 clinically healthy Balkan donkeys across three age groups (Group A: 5-7 months, Group B: 12-14 months, Group C: 4–7 years) to uncover age-related trends and provide foundational health data for the breed. Significant age-related differences (p < 0.05) were identified in several key parameters. Younger donkeys (Groups A and B) exhibited heightened immune activity, as evidenced by elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts, reflecting their developing immune systems. Adults (Group C) showed stabilized immune profiles and elevated urea levels, possibly linked to protein metabolism or hydration status. Consistent red blood cell (RBC) and platelet levels across groups underscored robust oxygen transport and coagulation functions, while higher phosphorus levels in younger donkeys indicated growth-related metabolic demands. Stable liver (ALT) and kidney (creatinine) function across groups highlighted the resilience of this breed to environmental and physiological challenges. This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on hematological and biochemical health parameters for the Balkan donkey, offering critical insights for veterinary diagnostics, conservation, and management. By establishing a foundation for future research, this work not only contributes to safeguarding this endangered breed but also enriches our understanding of donkey physiology in challenging ecological contexts.