Investigating social-ecological dynamics of a Southern Philippine traditional upland agroecosystem using an integrated approach
2023
Zapico, F. | Aguilar, C.H.M. | Hernandez, J.E.
In Sarangani Province, Southern Philippines, upland farms are inhabited predominantly by smallholder tribal households who cultivate rice landraces (RLs) using traditional farming methods. During recent years, however, lowland influences, agricultural modernization and market forces have disrupted entrenched cultural and farming traditions and have wreaked considerable devastation in the upland environment. Using the social ecological system (SES) approach, this study investigated Sarangani SES components, along with connections and feedback that underlie their interactions. Combined Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) and causal chain analysis (CCA) captured this traditional agroecosystem's innate complexity, revealed its key features, and investigated the whole gamut of issues impacting it. Also unveiled by the study were bio-cultural losses, declining health/well-being of farmers, environmental degradation, and weak institutional support as major challenges to the resiliency of the Sarangani SES. For the Sarangani situation, interventions that uphold human well-being while conserving tribal culture/resources and preserving the environment are therefore warranted if the upland tribes are to remain in these areas for a very long time.
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