The Cœlomic Microbiota Among Three Echinoderms: The Black Sea Cucumber <i>Holothuria forskali</i>, the Sea Star <i>Marthasterias glacialis,</i> and the Sea Urchin <i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i>
Hélène Laguerre | Cyril Noël | Camille Jégou | Yannick Fleury | Patrick Le Chevalier
In this study, the bacterial communities of the cœlomic microbiota were characterized in three Echinoderms: the deposit feeder sea Cucumber <i>Holothuria forskali</i>, the herbivorous sea Urchin <i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i>, and the carnivorous sea Star <i>Marthasterias glacialis</i>. Samples were collected from the same habitat in the Glénan Archipelago (Brittany, France) at different times for 2 years. The cœlomic microbiota were analyzed by targeted metagenomic with V4-16S metabarcoding and by a culturable approach with the isolation of strains and antimicrobial activity assays. Most of the OTUs of the cœlomic microbiota were affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria and, notably, five orders: Burkholderiales, Flavobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Vibrionales and Pseudomonadales. Significant differences were observed regarding richness, biodiversity and composition between species and sampling dates. They could be explained by sub-abundant taxa that represented the global diversity. Cœlomic microbiota also revealed shared and unshared bacterial communities, validating a potential “specific” microbiota among the three Echinoderm species. Moreover, significant variations of the microbiota occurred among the sampling dates, suggesting a plasticity and, thus, a potential selection of these microbiota. Finally, out of the 831 bacterial strains isolated from culturable microbiota, 20 strains exhibited antibacterial activities, most of them assigned to the genera <i>Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas</i> and <i>Vibrio</i>.
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