Impacto de los insectos plagas en la calidad y rendimiento de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq)

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) is a highly productive plant in Latin America. Most of the countries in Latin America are in charge of cultivating oil plants, mainly oil palm, due to the environmental conditions for its production and the economy generated by the crop. In Ecuador, the development of the crop brings with it the presence of insect pests that favor the development of diseases that generate losses in the palm plantations. The present research focuses mainly on the impact of insect pests on the quality and yield of oil palm Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. The work was carried out through a non-experimental research approach based on articles, scientific research, previous works and relevant documents. The research work resulted in a variety of insects that influence the quality and yield of the oil palm crop, which have caused 20% of losses in palm production, so control strategies are detailed as the correct use of insecticides, maintenance of the harvest cycle and the method of natural enemies, which allows a reduction in the infestation of the plant. It was concluded that insect pests in palm cause a great impact on the crop, so integrated pest management helps to improve the quality and yield of oil palm production.

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) is a highly productive plant in Latin America. Most of the countries in Latin America are in charge of cultivating oil plants, mainly oil palm, due to the environmental conditions for its production and the economy generated by the crop. In Ecuador, the development of the crop brings with it the presence of insect pests that favor the development of diseases that generate losses in the palm plantations. The present research focuses mainly on the impact of insect pests on the quality and yield of oil palm Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. The work was carried out through a non-experimental research approach based on articles, scientific research, previous works and relevant documents. The research work resulted in a variety of insects that influence the quality and yield of the oil palm crop, which have caused 20% of losses in palm production, so control strategies are detailed as the correct use of insecticides, maintenance of the harvest cycle and the method of natural enemies, which allows a reduction in the infestation of the plant. It was concluded that insect pests in palm cause a great impact on the crop, so integrated pest management helps to improve the quality and yield of oil palm production.

La palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) es una planta con gran productividad en Latinoamérica. La mayor parte de país en América Latina, se encargan de realizar cultivos de plantas oleaginosas principalmente la palma de aceite debido a sus condiciones ambientales para su producción y por la economía que genera el cultivo, en Ecuador el desarrollo del cultivo trae consigo la presencia de insectos plagas que favorecen el desarrollo de enfermedades que generar pérdidas en las plantaciones de palma. La presente investigación se enfoca principalmente en el impacto de los insectos plagas en la calidad y rendimiento de la palma aceitera Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. El trabajo se ejecutó mediante el enfoque investigativo no experimental basándose en artículos, investigaciones de carácter científico, trabajos previos y documentos de relevancia. El trabajo investigativo dio como resultado a una variedad de insectos que influyen en la calidad y rendimiento del cultivo de palma de aceite, los cuales ha ocasionado un 10 al 30% de pérdidas en la producción de la palma por lo que se detallan estrategias de control como el uso de insecticidas de manera correcta, mantenimiento del ciclo de la cosecha y el método de enemigos naturales, los que permite una reducción en la infestación de la planta. Se concluyó que los insectos plagas en la palma ocasionan un gran impacto en el cultivo, por lo que el manejo integrado de las plagas ayuda a mejorar la calidad y el rendimiento de la producción de la palma de aceite.