Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2
Sauvard, Daniel | Branco, Manuela | Lakatos, Ferenc | Faccoli, Massimo | Kirkendall, Lawrence | Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA) ; Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) | Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection ; University of West Hungary [Sopron] | Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd) | University of Bergen (UiB) | Alain Roques | Marc Kenis | David Lees | Carlos Lopez Vaamonde | Wolfgang Rabitsch | Jean Yves Rasplus | david Roy
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originate from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to fi ve families, but four-fi fths of them are from the Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, including some species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids,whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae,all contain many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously,with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate from all parts of the world,but mainly Asia; few alien curculionoids originate from Africa. Italy and France host the largest number of alien to Europe. Th e number of aliens per country decreases eastwards, but is mainly correlated with importations frequency and, secondarily, with climate. All alien curculionoids have been introduced accidentally via international shipping. Wood and seed borers are specially liable to human-mediated dispersal due to their protected habitat. Alien curculionoids mainly attack stems, and half of them are xylophagous. The majority of alien curculionoids live in human-modifi ed habitats, but many species live in forests and other natural or semi-natural habitats. Several species are pests, among which grain feeders as Sitophilus spp. are the most damaging.
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