Nature of antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in Bangladesh: age and gender profiles

ABSTRACT Over the years, the clinical management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is continuously evolving as a challenge because of resistance to antibiotics. In addition to investigating the nature of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, this study will investigate the age and gender nature of patients having these resistances. Patients who were prescribed urine culture sensitivity tests as part of their treatment at a tertiary-level hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, were included as a sample. Urine culture was done following the guidelines of CLSI, and a sensitivity test was done following the Kirby-Bauer sensitivity method. About 55% of both males and females have been found to be infected with Escherichia coli, and about 15% were infected with Klebsiella. Other pathogens detected are Enterococcus and Candida. Age and gender nature of E. coli indicates that females are more infected below the age of 60 years, while males are more infected above this age. E. coli has exhibited the least resistance to Azithromycin, Netilmicin, and Amikacin. The resistance to Ciprofloxacin shows that females are more resistant until the age of 60 years, and males after that. Multidrug resistance shows an alarming result that about 20% of infected patients are resistant to nine antibiotics. This study clearly indicates that UTI is a continuously evolving problem, and its investigation should remain a continuous process.IMPORTANCEBecause of economic and social practices in Bangladesh, urinary tract infection is a continually evolving disease. The treatment requires relatively updated information about the behavior of the pathogens causing this infection. There is not sufficient information in Bangladesh about the age and gender nature of the infected patients, the infected pathogens, and their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, because of indiscriminate and uncontrolled use of antibiotics within the country, the nature of multidrug resistance of these pathogens is also important for the effective management of these patients. This research attempts to address these issues.