Use of biologisation elements in the cultivation of grain and industrial crops to obtain high-quality products and preserve the environment

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of introducing biologisation elements to increase crop yields and quality. An experiment was conducted to analyse the impact of biological and organic fertilisers, regulated irrigation and pesticide control on yields, product quality, soil nutrient content, CO2 emissions and biodiversity. The results demonstrated that the use of biological fertilisers (biological products, composts, and humates) positively impacted the yield of all the crops studied. In variant 2, where varieties of wheat, corn, hemp and sunflower were used with biological fertilisers, an increase in yields of 12-20% was observed, depending on the crop. Organic fertilisers in variant 3 also showed an increase in yields, although to a lesser extent (8-15%). Regulated irrigation and pesticide control in variant 4 provided a stable yield increase of 10-12%, while combined fertilisation and irrigation in variant 5 gave the best results, albeit with smaller increases. The introduction of biological fertilisers also positively affected product quality. The oil content of soybean and sunflower in the plots with biological fertilisers was also higher compared to control variant 1. Analysis of the soil’s nutrient content showed that the biological fertiliser increased the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil. CO2 emissions decreased by 10-15% in areas with biological fertilisers, indicating a positive environmental effect of using such technologies. Biodiversity has also improved, with a 40% increase in the biodiversity index in the biological fertiliser plot. Thus, the results of the study confirm that the integration of biological and organic fertilisers, as well as effective water and pesticide management, can significantly increase crop yields and quality, reduce CO2 emissions and contribute to biodiversity conservation