Thermodynamic Modeling Studies on Biosorption of Reactive Amoxicillin Antibiotic by Pithophora Macroalgae in Aqueous Solution
2024
Murad M. Khamayseh and Rana Kidak
Antibiotic removal poses a serious risk to the environment due to its intricate structure. Consequently, scientists are developing new and efficient techniques to remove antibiotic compounds from wastewater. The goal of this study is to employ green Pithophora macroalgae to remove the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) from a water-based solution. With a focus on understanding the process, this study assesses the application of reacting AMX biosorption on the biomass of Pithophora algae in aqueous solutions using thermodynamic modeling. The determined thermodynamic characteristics show that an endothermic process is used in the biosorption of the antibiotic AMX, considering that AMX has a positive electrical charge of ΔHº at 49.796 KJ.moL-1. As ΔGº has a positive charge (2.982 kJ.moL-1, 3.718 kJ.moL-1, and 4.793 kJ.moL-1) for AMX at (298 K, 303 K, and 308 K, respectively. This positive result indicates that the reaction is not feasible or spontaneous. The decrease in chaos at the liquid/solid interface caused by AMX biosorption on Pithophora macro algae is reflected in the negative charge of ΔSº, which was -176.735 kJ.moL-1. The effect of temperature on the biosorption of AMX was investigated for different initial AMX concentrations. At a lower temperature of 298 K, the AMX molecules were more likely to diffuse into the internal pores of the Pithophora algae. This suggests that the diffusion rate of the adsorbate (AMX) across the bulk and pore boundaries of the biosorbent particles may be increased at lower temperatures. The findings of this study indicate that the biomass of the macroalgae Pithophora is a valuable biosorbent for the biosorption of AMX antibiotics, and it may have potential applications in the treatment of wastewater.
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