EVALUASI NENAS HIBRIDA HASIL PERSILANGAN ANTARA CAYENNE, QUEEN, A. BRACTEATUS, DAN MERAH

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter-karakter penting pada nenas hibrida hasil persilanganantara Cayenne, Queen, A. bracteatus dan Merah. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman BuahTropika Solok mulai bulan Juni 2004 sampai Desember 2006. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah nenashibrida hasil persilangan antara Cayenne x Queen (58 tanaman), Cayenne X A. bracteatus (24 tanaman) danCayenne x Merah (26 tanaman). Semua tanaman ditanam dalam polibag ukuran 40x50 cm. Pengamatandilakukan per individu tanaman terhadap karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwadistribusi duri dan bentuk mata dipengaruhi oleh tetua betina. Persilangan Cayenne x Queen menghasilkanhibrida dengan persentase terbanyak pada ukuran mahkota kecil (≤ 100 g), dan rasa sangat manis (TSS > 20°brix ) berturut-turut 48.27% dan 8.62%. Persilangan Cayenne x A. bracteatus menghasilkan hibrida denganpersentase diameter hati kecil (≤ 1.5 cm) terbanyak, yaitu 50% . Persilangan Cayenne x Merah menghasilkanpersentase bobot buah > 1500 g terbanyak (23.07 %) dan persentase buah dengan tebal daging > 4 cmterbanyak (76.32%). Hibrida yang mempunyai karakter daun tidak berduri / duri hanya di ujung daun, rasasangat manis (TSS ≥ 20 °Brix ), dan bentuk mata lebar, adalah CQ-20, CB-1. Sedangkan hibrida dengan karaktertidak berduri / duri hanya di ujung daun, rasa sangat manis (TSS ≥ 20 °Brix ), dan bentuk mata menonjol adalahCQ-16, CQ-41. Informasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan untuk pemilihan tetua jantan dan betinadalam program perakitan varietas unggul nenas.Kata kunci: A. comosus, A. bracteatus, evaluasi, komponen hasil, mutu buah.ABSTRACT.The aim of the research was to evaluate the important characters of pineapple hybrids from crossingbetween Cayenne, Queen, A. bracteatus, and Merah parents. This research was conducted at the ResearchInstitute for Tropical Fruit in Solok, from June 2004 to December 2006 . Genetic materials used were 58 hybridplants from Cayenne x Queen crossing, 24 hybrid plants from Cayenne x A. bracteatus crossing, and 26 hybridplants from Cayenne x Merah crossing. All of the plants were planted on polybag with size 40x50 cm.Observation was done per plant on qualitative and quantitative characters. The results showed that thedistribution of spines on the leaves and the shape of eyes were affected by female parents. Cayenne x Queencrossing produced the most percentage of hybrids with small crown weight (≤ 100 g), and very sweet taste (TSS> 20° brix), i.e. 48.27% and 8.62% respectively. Cayenne x A. bracteatus crossing produced the mostpercentage of hybrids with small core diameter (≤ 1.5 cm) was 50% . Cayenne x Merah crossing produced themost percentage of hybrids with big fruit weight (> 1500 g) and flesh thickness > 4 cm. i.e. 23.07% and 76.32%respectively. The hybrid plants possessing the combined characters of spineless or spiny at the leaf tip, verysweet taste (TSS ≥ 20°Brix), and broad eyes were CQ-20 and CB-1. Meanwhile, hybrids with characters ofspineless or spiny at the leaf tip, very sweet taste (TSS ≥ 20°Brix), and projected eyes were CQ-16 and CQ-41.These results can potentially provide valuable information on the choice of female and male parents for theprograms of pineapple variety improvement.Key words: A.comosus, A. bracteatus, evaluation, yield component, fruit quality