Toxicity of fusaric acid and beauvericin in tissue-cultured banana 'Grand Nain' and 'Lakatan'
Maria Angela Cruz | Carolyn Alcasid | Cyrose Silvosa Millado | Mark Angelo Balendres
Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis cubense (Foc) produces toxins known to contribute to virulence and infection in the host. Fusaric acid (FA) and beauvericin (BEA) are major toxins contributing to Foc virulence in the host plant. Recent advancements allow the production of disease-resistant crops via cell selection, a process that involves resistance screening of somaclones using phytotoxin exposure. Determination of the appropriate concentration is an important step for the toxin-based selection of disease-resistant plants. In this study, the toxicity of FA (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 μm) and BEA (0, 5, 10, and 20 μm) in different tissues of banana cv. ‘Grand Nain’ and 'Lakatan' were investigated. Overall results indicated a positive relationship between the toxin concentration and plant sensitivity, as indicated by the degree of vascular browning rate. Results demonstrated that lower concentrations of BEA are required for phytotoxicity than in FA. Furthermore, a higher degree of vascular browning was recorded in the test tissues of ‘Lakatan’ treated with FA and BEA than in the ‘Grand Nain’ genotype suggesting genotype-dependent sensitivity of banana to phytotoxins. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the phytotoxicity of FA and BEA in callus cultures of banana ‘Lakatan.’
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