Bulb yield, macromineral and phytochemical contents of garlic varieties grown with phosphorus fertilization in calcareous soil
Ghazi Al-Karaki | Yahia Othman | Ozlem Altuntas
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on bulb yield, macromineral and phytochemical contents of two garlic (Allium sativum) varieties 'Balady' and 'Northern White' grown in calcareous soil under field conditions in north Jordan. Three P fertilizer rates were applied [0 (control; P1), 43.6 (P2) and 87.2 (P3) Kg P ha−1 added as super phosphate]. When compared to P1 (control), application of P at P3 rate increased bulb yield by 49% and 43%, mean bulb weight by 34% and 27% and cloves number per bulb by 35% and 29% in 'Balady' and 'Northern White' varieties, respectively. The total phenols and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in cloves of both garlic varieties at P2 rate than at P1 and P3 rates. However, clove flavonoids and allicin contents and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in 'Balady' than 'Northern White' variety at P2 rate only. For mineral contents, P was found to be highest in cloves of both garlic varieties at the P3 rate, while N and Ca contents were highest at the P2 rate. Cloves of 'Balady' variety had higher P content than cloves of 'Northern White' variety at medium (P2) and high (P3) P rates, while Ca contents were found in 'Northern White' than the 'Balady' variety at medium P (P2) rates. Results of this study suggest that the bulb yield and nutritional quality of garlic differed with different rates of applied P fertilization and selection of variety/cultivar under calcareous soil conditions.
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