Culture conditions for somatic embryogenesis in banana: brief review of the current practices, advantages, and constraints
Maria Angela Cruz | Carolyn Alcasid | Cyrose Suzie Silvosa-Millado | Mark Angelo Balendres
Banana (Musa spp.) is a high-value cash crop that serves as a staple food across Asia. However, numerous pests and diseases challenge the global production of bananas. The advent of advanced molecular technologies, such as plant tissue culture, played a pivotal role in banana production with enhanced physiology, morphology, and disease resistance. Since then, researchers and agricultural industries' interest has shifted to using plant tissue culture for the large-scale production of bananas. The production of somatic embryos from plant tissues, termed somatic embryogenesis (SE), is often utilized as an asexual means of reproducing banana plantlets with uniform genotypic characteristics. Various studies have also demonstrated the function of somatic embryogenesis for genetic transformation studies. However, the efficiency of SE protocols differs from one genotype to another. It is affected by several factors, including the type of explant, culture media, plant growth regulators, and environmental conditions. This review will summarize the current methodologies for performing SE in banana. In addition, the advantages and constraints of performing SE protocols were discussed.
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