Prevalenceand ecological factors affecting the distribution of plant-parasitic nematodesin Prunus groves in Spain
Ilenia Clavero-Camacho | Antonio Archidona-Yuste | Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete | Pablo Castillo | Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius
A wide survey wasconducted to study plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with Prunus groves inSpain. This research aimed to determinethe prevalence and distribution of PPNs in Prunus groves, as well as theinfluence of explanatory variables describing soil, climate and agriculturalmanagement in structuring the variation of PPNs community composition. A total of 218 sampling sites were surveyedand 84 PPN species belonging to 32 genera were identified based of anintegrative taxonomic approach. PPN speciesconsidered as potential limiting factors in Prunus production, such as Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica, Pratylenchus penetrans and P. vulnus, wereidentified in this survey. Seven soilphysico-chemical (C, Mg, N, Na, OM, P, pH and clay, loamy sand and sandy loamtexture classes), four climate (Bio04, Bio05, Bio13 and Bio14) and fouragricultural management variables (grove-use history less than 10 years,irrigation, apricot seedling rootstock, and Montclar rootstock) were identifiedas the most influential variables driving spatial patterns of PPNscommunities. In particular, youngerplantations showed higher values for species richness and diversity indicesthan groves cultivated for more than 20 years with Prunus spp. Our study increases the knowledge of thedistribution and prevalence of PPNs associated with Prunus rhizosphere,as well as on the influence of explanatory variables driving the spatialstructure PPNs communities, which has important implications for the successfuldesign of sustainable management strategies in the future in this agriculturalsystem.
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