Correlación entre el consumo de carbohidratos y los niveles de triglicéridos plasmáticos en individuos adultos aparentemente sanos de la comunidad javeriana | Correlation between carbohydrate consumption and plasma triglyceride levels in apparently healthy adult individuals from the Javeriana community

La hipertrigliceridemia es un factor de riesgo relevante en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, y su asociación con el consumo excesivo de carbohidratos ha sido documentada en diversos estudios. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia específica en poblaciones adultas aparentemente sanas, especialmente en contextos urbanos de América Latina. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la correlación entre el consumo de carbohidratos totales, carbohidratos simples, azúcares añadidos y fructosa con los niveles de triglicéridos plasmáticos medidos en adultos de la comunidad Javeriana de Bogotá a través un análisis de datos secundarios del proyecto de investigación ID 20722. La muestra estuvo conformada por 50 adultos entre los 18 y 57 años, incluyó individuos en tratamiento con medicamentos que no impactaran en el metabolismo de los lípidos y sin diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas no controladas. Se evaluó la ingesta de carbohidratos mediante una frecuencia de consumo semicuantitativa y se midieron los niveles de triglicéridos plasmáticos en ayunas. Se aplicaron análisis estadísticos correlacionales. Como resultados se obtuvo que los participantes fueron 15 hombres (30%) y 35 mujeres (70%). La ingesta promedio de carbohidratos totales está dentro del rango promedio de la recomendación diaria de carbohidratos totales, dos personas (4%) presentaron hipertrigliceridemia siendo hombres en su totalidad. Se encontró correlación positiva moderada (r de Pearson = 0.313) y estadísticamente significativa (p

Hypertriglyceridemia is a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, and its association with excessive carbohydrate consumption has been documented in several studies. However, there is little specific evidence in apparently healthy adult populations, especially in urban contexts in Latin America. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the correlation between the consumption of total carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates, added sugars and fructose with plasma triglyceride levels measured in adults from the Javeriana community of Bogota through an analysis of secondary data from research project ID 20722. The sample consisted of 50 adults between 18 and 57 years of age, including individuals under treatment with medications that did not impact lipid metabolism and without a diagnosis of uncontrolled chronic diseases. Carbohydrate intake was assessed using a semiquantitative frequency of consumption and fasting plasma triglyceride levels were measured. Correlational statistical analyses were applied. The results showed that the participants were 15 men (30%) and 35 women (70%). The average intake of total carbohydrates is within the average range of the daily recommendation for total carbohydrates, two people (4%) presented hypertriglyceridemia, being entirely men. A moderate positive correlation (Pearson's r = 0.313) and statistically significant (p < 0.05) was found between the intake of total carbohydrates and plasma triglyceride levels in the evaluated population. Similarly, a moderate positive correlation (Pearson's r = 0.414) and statistically significant (p < 0.05) was found between the intake of simple carbohydrates and plasma triglyceride levels. In contrast, there is no statistically significant evidence to confirm a positive correlation between the consumption of added sugars and fructose, with plasma triglyceride levels.

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