Questioning the early events leading to the COVID-19 pandemic
2021
Reis, J. | Frutos, Roger | Buguet, A. | Le Faou, A. | Sandner, G. | Román, G.C. | Spence, P.S.
Sixteen months after the January 30, 2020 declaration by the World Health Organization of a Public Health Emer- gency of International Concern regarding the spread of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 had infected ~ 170 million humans world- wide of which > 3.5 million had died. We critically examine information on the virus origin, when and where the first human cases occurred, and point to differences between Chinese and later clinical presentations. The official patient Zero was hos- pitalized in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on December 8, 2019, but retrospective analyses demonstrate prior viral circu- lation. Coronaviruses are present in mammals and birds, but whether a wild animal (e.g. bat, pangolin) was the source of the human pandemic remains disputed. We present two contamination models, the spillover versus the circulation model; the latter brings some interesting hypotheses about previous SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in the human population. The age distribution of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the start of the epidemic differed between China and the USAñEU; Chinese hospitalized patients were notably younger. The first Chinese publications did not describe anosmia-dysgeusia, a cardinal symptom of COVID-19 in Europe and USA. The prominent endothelial involvement linked with thrombotic complications was discovered later. These clinical discrepancies might suggest an evolution of the virus.
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