Re-Imagining the Green Development : Investigation and Revival of Urban Green Spaces in Karachi

Climate change has intensified environmental vulnerabilities, public health risks, and reduced quality of life. Extreme temperature events have pushed regions to seek effective solutions. Urban Green Spaces (UGS) have emerged as vital tools in combating heat and environmental degradation, playing a key role in promoting sustainable cities. Karachi, a global megacity and Pakistan’s economic hub, faces severe heat challenges, emitting 20.8 million tonnes of CO₂, contributing 10.2% of the nation’s total at 1.045 metric tonnes per capita. These emissions donate to temperatures reaching up to 44°C, raising concerns among citizens and authorities. While vegetation is seen globally as a primary defense against climate change, Karachi has failed to maintain this buffer. Studies show a significant decline in urban greenery over recent decades, contributing to Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The aim of the research is to explore the UGS capability in tackling heating disorders, on the account of present as well as future needed expansion of urban greenery. After reviewing the history of UGS in Karachi, it is evident that their decline results from poor planning, human activities, mismanagement, CO₂ emissions, and public unawareness. As per accounts, Karachi has over 1,200 types of UGS, many of which are poorly maintained. Emissions per capita and tree spacing have also been assessed to evaluate their offset potential. The results show the possibility for viable reconciliation of 35-40% of land for green areas, providing vegetation balance for nearly 20 million people. Based on the standard CO₂ absorption rate of 45-50 kg per tree annually, this could sequester 17-19 million tonnes of CO₂ each year. The instance may propose over 350 million trees with yearly emission balance of 90% for population, allowing 3-5°C reductions in day-night temperatures. By considering all accounts, the results revealed that 35-40% prospect will offer potential alleviation of 2.5-6℃ annually. Methodologies indicated fragile current UGS states, signifying less potential of UGS, prescribing the application of greenery on misused 35-40% land as imperative. Although, the city's density and misuse of UGS make heat reduction unlikely, stressing the need for strict governance, regulations, and green-oriented urban planning to reduce UHI. With recommendations given in the end, it concludes that enlarging greenery is effective only when backed by policies promoting sustainable practices, tactics and uses.