Potential effect of intercropping in the control of weeds, diseases, and pests in a wheat-faba bean system | Potencialni učinek medsetve na nadzor plevelov, bolezni in škodljivcev v sistemu krušna pšenica-bob

Английский. Intercropping has proved to be a promising alternative in the biological control of biotic factors by reducing the excessive use of plant protection products that are harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, aimed to examinate the effect of intercropping systems on diseases, weeds and pests control in organic field experiments in Western Morocco. Two field experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Three cropping regimes (monocropped wheat, monocropped faba bean, and intercropped wheat-faba bean) and three nitrogen levels N0 (0 kg N ha-1), N1 (50 kg N ha-1), and N2 (100 kg N ha-1) were evaluated. Compared with monocropping, intercropping (N0 level) reduced the incidence of stripe rust by 71–120 % and severity by 244–337 % in 1st and 2nd experiments respectively. In addition, the incidence of septoria was reduced by 236 % and severity by 276 %. Obviously, the intercrops significantly decreased the total weed biomass by more than 40 % in both experiments. Black aphid populations in faba bean were reduced by 80 %. In contrast, the nitrogen fertilizer increased the attack of diseases and black aphids. It is concluded that wheat-faba bean intercrops can be used as a method of reduction of inputs, reduction of environmental impacts of crops, and stability in the face of biotic factors.

словенский. Medsetev se je izkazala kot obetajoča alternativa pri biološkem nadzoru biotičnih dejavnikov za zmanjšanje prekomerne uporabe sredstev za zaščito, ki so škodljiva okolju in zdravju ljudi. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti učinek medsetve na plevele, bolezni in škodljivce v poljskem poskusu organske pridelave v Zahodnem Maroku. V obdobjih 2017-2018 in 2018-2019 sta bila izvedena dva poljska poskusa. Ovrednoteni so bili trije načini setve (čist posevek pšenice, čist posevek boba in mešani posevek pšenice in boba) in trije odmerki dušikovih gnojil: N0 (0 kg N ha-1), N1 (50 kg N ha-1), in N2 (100 kg N ha-1). V primerjavi s čistimi posevki je medsetev pri načinu gnojenja N0 zmanjšala pojavljanje progaste rje za 71–120 % in jakost okužbe za 244–337 % v prvem in drugem obdobju poskusa. Dodatno je bila pojavnost listne pegavosti pšenice zmanjšana za 236 % in jakost njene ukužbe za 276 %. Zelo očitno je medsetev značilno zmanjšala celokupno biomaso plevelov za 40 % v obeh poskusih. Populacija črnih fižolovih uši na bobu se je zmanjšala za 80 %. Nasprotno je povečano dodajanje dušikovih gnojil povečalo napad bolezni in črnih fižolovih uši. Zaključimo lahko, da bi z mešanim posevkom krušne pšenice in boba zmanjšali stroške pridelave in negativne vplive pridelave na okolje kot tudi izboljšali stabilnosti pridelave glede na biotske dejavnike.