Chemical composition of some cereals and maize varieties harvested in Slovenia | Kemična sestava nekaterih žitnih in koruznih sort, pridelanih v Sloveniji

Английский. Weende analysis and analysis of minerals and amino acid composition were done on the defined cereal and maize samples harvested in Slovenia in 1997. Analyses were done on 5 varieties of wheat: Pinka, Ana, Marija, Reska and Žitarka; 2 varieties of winter barley Alpha in Robur and 2 varietis of spring one: Rex and Gotic; 3 varieties of oats: Valiant, Pram and Leanda and 5 hybrids of maize: Fanion, Dea; Helga, Alberta and Lotus. The results of chemical analyses showed a relatively small degree of variability among wheat varieties. The same was found for barley varieties. Valiant is the variety that has less crude protein and ether extract and more crude fibre than the other varieties of oats. The maize hybrid Fanion is the one that has more crude protein and ether extract than the others. Cereals harvested in Slovenia have different average values for individual nutritive substance as they are cited in literature. The highert difference is found in lower crude protein content in our samples. Mineral (P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn and Mn) composition is similar among the varieties of the cereals or maize and the average values are in the accordance with the literature, except lower Na concentrations. Amino acid composition shows a low degree of variability among the varieties of the same cereal or maize. The concentration of some essential amino acids in protein is superior to the data cited in literature.

словенский. Weendsko analizo, vsebnost rudninskih snovi in aminokislinsko sestavo smo opravili na definiranih vzorcih žit in koruze, pridelanih v Sloveniji leta 1997. Analizirali smo pet sort pšenice: pinka, ana, marija, rezka in žitarka; dve sorti ozimnega: alpha in robur ter dve sorti jarega ječmena: rex in gotic; tri sorte ovsa: valiant, pram in leanda in pet hibridov koruze: fanion, dea, helga, alberta in lotus. Pri pšenici in ječmenu smo ugotovili majhne razlike med posameznimi sortami v kemični sestavi. Pri ovsu izstopa sorta valiant po manjši vsebnosti surovih beljakovin in surovih maščob ter večji vsebnosti surove vlaknine. Pri koruzi pa odstopa hibrid fanion po večji vsebnosti surovih beljakovin in surovih maščob. Povprečne vrednosti posameznih hranljivih snovi v žitih, pridelanih v Sloveniji, se razlikujejo od literaturnih podatkov. Največja razlika je manjša vsebnost surovih beljakovin. V vsebnosti posameznih rudninskih snovi (P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn in Mn) med sortami istega žita ni opaziti velikih razlik in povprečne vrednosti se dokaj dobro ujemajo z literaturnimi podatki, razen precej manjše vsebnosti natrija. Aminokislinska sestava beljakovin posameznih sort istega žita oz. koruze je podobna. V primerjavi z literaturnimi podatki smo ugotovili nekoliko večje koncentracije nekaterih esencialnih aminokislin v beljakovinah žit.