Biological knowledge of Slovenian students in the living systems content area in PISA 2006 | Znanje slovenskih učencev na vsebinskem področju Živi sistemi v raziskavi PISA 2006

Английский. In the PISA 2006 program Slovenian students exceeded the international average of scientific achievements, while in the field of living systems performedbelow the national average. The purpose of our analysis was to determine in which areas of biology Slovenian students are weak and in which they arestrong, and to determine their biological knowledge in comparison to 23 other European countries, which, by various criteria, are the most comparable to Slovenia and interesting for us. We analysed 24 tasks that tested the biological knowledge in PISA 2006. We found that student achievement in Slovenia wasn’t poor in any of the tested biological topics. There are two factors that can explain lower achievements resolving individual tasks: (1) Question type: Students poorly answered the open-constructed response questions that require independent formulation of coherent responses. They were more successful with complex multiple choice questions and multiple choice questions, where they had to choose the correct answer from several given suggestions; (2) Difficulty: Students didn’t perform as well with higher cognitive level tasks which required using knowledge. This suggests that in the period when these students were receiving elementary education, their biology teaching focused on developing knowledge of biological content (knowledge of science) and competence explaining phenomena scientifically, while the development of other knowledge (knowledge about science) and the competence to draw evidence-based conclusions (using knowledge) was inadequate. It is therefore in the hands of all in Slovenia involved in biological education, especially teachers of biology, to give students more opportunities for problem-solving, rather than only focusing on content.

словенский. Slovenski učenci so v raziskavi PISA 2006 presegli mednarodno povprečje naravoslovnih dosežkov, vendar so bili na področju biologije slabši kot nadrugih naravoslovnih področjih. Namen naše analize je bil ugotoviti, na katerih področjih biologije imajo slovenski učenci šibko in na katerih močno znanje ter kakšno je njihovo biološko znanje v primerjavi s 23 drugimi evropskimi državami, ki so po različnih kriterij najbolj primerljive s Slovenijo oziroma zanimive za nas. Analizirali smo 24 nalog, ki so v PISA 2006 preverjale biološko znanje. Ugotovili smo, da so bili dosežki učencev v Sloveniji pri vseh preverjenih bioloških temah dobri. Dejavnika, s katerima je bilo mogoče pojasniti slabše dosežke pri posameznih nalogah, sta bila tip naloge in njena težavnost. Učenci so slabše reševali naloge odprtega tipa, pri katerih so morali samostojno oblikovati smiseln odgovor. Uspešnejši so bili pri nalogah kompleksnega izbirnega tipa in izbirnega tipa, kjer so morali med danimi odgovori izbrati pravilnega. Učenci so slabše reševali naloge višje kognitivne stopnje, ki so zahtevale uporabo znanja. Iz tega sklepamo, da je bil v obdobju, ko so bili ti učenci vključeni v osnovnošolsko izobraževanje, pri biologiji poudarek na razvijanju poznavanja biološke vsebine (knowledge of science) in kompetence znanstveno razlaganje pojavov (explaining phenomena scientifically), pomanjkljivo pa je bilo razvijanje znanja o naravoslovnih znanostih (knowledge about science) ter kompetence uporaba naravoslovno-znanstvenih podatkov in preverjenih dejstev (using scientificevidence). V rokah vseh, ki se v Sloveniji ukvarjajo z biološkim izobraževanjem, predvsem pa učiteljev biologije, je, da usposobijo učence tudi s tega vidika, ne samo z vidika vsebinskega znanja.