Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count—A Randomized Controlled Trial
2021
Álvaro Hernáez | Camille Lassale | Sara Castro-Barquero | Nancy Babio | Emilio Ros | Olga Castañer | Anna Tresserra-Rimbau | Xavier Pintó | Miguel Ángel Martínez-González | Dolores Corella | Jordi Salas-Salvadó | Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez | José Lapetra | Miquel Fiol | Enrique Gómez-Gracia | Lluis Serra-Majem | Emilio Sacanella | Ana García-Arellano | José V. Sorlí | Andrés Díaz-López | Montserrat Cofán | Ramón Estruch
We aimed to assess the effects of the antioxidant-rich Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on white blood cell count. Our study population included participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study (average age 67 years old, 58% women, high cardiovascular risk). We assessed whether a MedDiet intervention enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, versus a low-fat control diet, modified the incidence of leukocytosis (>:11 × 109 leukocytes/L), mild leukopenia (<:4.5 × 109 leukocytes/L), or severe leukopenia (<:3.5 × 109 leukocytes/L) in individuals without the condition at baseline (n = 3190, n = 2925, and n = 3190, respectively). We also examined whether MedDiet modified the association between leukocyte count alterations and all-cause mortality. Both MedDiet interventions were associated with a lower risk of developing leukopenia (incidence rates: 5.06% in control diet, 3.29% in MedDiet groups combined: hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.54 [0.36–0.80]) and severe leukopenia (incidence rates: 1.26% in control diet, 0.46% in MedDiet groups combined: hazard ratio: 0.25 [0.10–0.60]). High cumulative adherence to a MedDiet was linked to lower risk of leukocytosis (incidence rates: 2.08% in quartile 1, 0.65% in quartile 4: HRQ4-Q1: 0.29 [0.085–0.99]) and attenuated the association between leukopenia and all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.032). In brief, MedDiet decreased the incidence of white blood cell count-related alterations in high cardiovascular risk individuals.
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