Lipidomics and Transcriptome Reveal the Effects of Feeding Systems on Fatty Acids in Yak’s Meat
Lin Xiong | Jie Pei | Xingdong Wang | Shaoke Guo | Xian Guo | Ping Yan
The differences of fatty acids in yak&rsquo:s meat under graze feeding (GF) and stall feeding (SF) regimes and the regulation mechanism of the feeding system on the fatty acids content in yak &rsquo:s meat was explored in this study. First, the fatty acids in yak&rsquo:s longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were detected by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Compared with GF yaks, the absolute content of &Sigma:SFAs, &Sigma:MUFAs, &Sigma:UFAs, &Sigma:PUFAs and &Sigma:n-6PUFAs in SF yak&rsquo:s LD were higher, whereas &Sigma:n-3PUFAs was lower: the relative content of &Sigma:MUFAs, &Sigma:PUFAs, &Sigma:n-3PUFAs and &Sigma:UFAs in SF yak&rsquo:s LD were lower, whereas &Sigma:SFAs was higher. The GF yak&rsquo:s meat is healthier for consumers. Further, the transcriptomic and lipidomics profiles in yak&rsquo:s LD were detected by mRNA-Sequencing (mRNA-Seq) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), respectively. The integrated transcriptomic and lipidomics analysis showed the differences in fatty acids were caused by the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates and phospholipids, and were mainly regulated by the FASN, FABP3, PLIN1, SLC16A13, FASD6 and SCD genes in the PPAR signaling pathway. Moreover, the SCD gene was the candidate gene for the high content of &Sigma:MUFA, and FADS6 was the candidate gene for the high content of &Sigma:n-3PUFAs and the healthier ratio of &Sigma:n-6/&Sigma:n-3PUFAs in yak meat. This study provides a guidance to consumers in the choice of yak&rsquo:s meat, and also established a theoretical basis for improving yak&rsquo:s meat quality.
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