Deciphering Chitosan–Host Plant Interaction in Esca Disease
Laura Martín | Agustín Millán | Francisco Javier Castaño | Florence Fontaine
The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases causing the death of vines all over the world. This study analyses the effect of a commercial-based substance (chitosan hydrochloride 2.5%) on grapevine&ndash:P. chlamydospore interaction. Two experimental scenarios were evaluated: (i) root application in a greenhouse-plant model system and (ii) foliar application in an open-field environment (Tempranillo grape cultivar). Vascular necrosis and pathogen recovery were reduced after chitosan application. The treatment increased root development and the flavonoid index. On open-field application, the treatment did not significantly help decrease the expression of the foliar symptoms of Esca. In symptomatic leaves, the results revealed a lower overexpression of defence-related genes (Chit 1b, CHV5, STS and PR6) in plants treated with chitosan than in nontreated vines. Altogether, this study attempts to provide a first insight into the potential role of chitosan hydrochloride in the treatment of P. chlamydospora and the interaction on the control of the Esca&ndash:pathosystem complex. Differences were found between the root and foliar spraying modes of action.
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