Potential Risk Factors to COVID-19 Severity: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta- and Omicron-Dominant Periods
2024
Daiki Yamaguchi | Odgerel Chimed-Ochir | Yui Yumiya | Eisaku Kishita | Tomoyuki Akita | Junko Tanaka | Tatsuhiko Kubo
Background: Continued study of risk factors can inform future pandemic preparedness and response. We aimed to determine the potential risk factors of COVID-19 severity among patients admitted to the hospital during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. Methods: We utilized the J-SPEED-style COVID-19 Hospital version, a pre-administered questionnaire, to collect data from hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture between 8 August 2021 and 19 April 2022. Results: During the Delta-dominant period, patients aged over 65 (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.75&ndash:3.84), males (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12&ndash:1.81) and with BMI exceeding 25 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.57&ndash:2.52), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.40&ndash:2.95), and those with fewer than two doses of vaccine (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.46&ndash:3.91) were at a greater risk of severe COVID-19 compared to those without these risk factors. During the Omicron-dominant period, significantly greater severity was observed among patients over 65 years old (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 2.95&ndash:5.12), males (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40&ndash:2.21), those with high blood pressure (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02&ndash:1.65), and mental disorder (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.69&ndash:2.92) compared to patients without these risks. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk factors vary across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Examining variant-specific risk factors for COVID-19 severity can aid policymakers, public health specialists, and clinicians in prioritizing screening, treatment, and vaccination efforts, especially during potential healthcare resource shortages.
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