Yield Performance and Quality Assessment of Brazilian Hybrid Grapes Influenced by Rootstocks and Training Systems
Francisco José Domingues Neto | Marco Antonio Tecchio | Cristine Vanz Borges | João Domingos Rodrigues | Elizabeth Orika Ono | Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima | Mara Fernandes Moura | José Luiz Hernandes | Marcelo de Souza Silva | Magali Leonel
The choice of training system impacts the architecture and physiological characteristics of grapevines, affecting grape production and quality. Continuous studies are necessary to optimize viticulture production in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rootstocks and different training systems on the production and quality of &lsquo:IAC 138-22 Má:ximo&rsquo: and &lsquo:BRS Violeta&rsquo: grapevines for juice and wine. The experiment was conducted over two productive cycles (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in an experimental vineyard at the Advanced Center for Fruit Research as part of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Jundiaí:, Sã:o Paulo, Brazil (23°:06&prime: S, 46°:55&prime: W, and 745 m altitude). For each cultivar, a randomized block design in a 2 ×: 2 factorial scheme was used, with two rootstocks (&lsquo:IAC 766 Campinas&rsquo: and 106-8 &lsquo:Mgt&rsquo:) and two training systems (low and high trellises), with five blocks of three plants per experimental plot. In both cycles, the gas exchange and grapevine production, the chemical characteristics of the grape juice (must), and the chemical compounds in the berry skins were evaluated. The rootstocks and training systems influenced the variables evaluated in both cultivars, with the high trellis system providing the best results. This approach increased the photosynthetic rate, improved water-use efficiency, elevated grapevine production, and enhanced fruit quality. Therefore, its use is recommended for training grapevines. Regarding rootstocks, the best scion&ndash:rootstock affinity was found between hybrid grapevines and &lsquo:IAC 766 Campinas&rsquo:.
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