Interaction of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilisation and Precipitation on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rainfed Grass
2025
Péter Ragályi | Anita Szabó | Péter Csathó | Márk Rékási | Péter Csontos
Nitrogen (N) fertilisers should be utilised as efficiently as possible. In addition to N fertiliser doses, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is influenced by other factors. The effects of four different N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply levels (0&ndash:3) and rainfall periods (dry, normal, wet) were investigated on NUE indices in six selected years of a field experiment. Generally, rainfall and N had the strongest effects. N ×: rainfall supply interaction increased biomass production from 0.915 t ha&minus:1 (N0, dry) to 10.4 t ha&minus:1 (N3, wet). The N balance varied between &minus:47.3 kg ha&minus:1 (N0, wet) and 218 kg ha&minus:1 (N3, dry). The N uptake per unit N of fertiliser (FNRE) was mainly determined by the P ×: rainfall interaction, varying between 26.13% (P0, dry) and 83.73% (P3, wet). Both the biomass increment per unit N of fertiliser (agronomic efficiency&mdash:AE) and the biomass production per unit N uptake (internal efficiency&mdash:IE) were mainly influenced by the N ×: rainfall interaction, with AE decreasing from 43.7 kg kg&minus:1 (N1, wet) to 10.6 kg kg&minus:1 (N3, dry) and IE from 114 kg kg&minus:1 (N0, normal) to 45.9 kg kg&minus:1 (N3, wet). Both P and, to a lesser extent, K had a significant positive effect on these indices. The N dose of 200 kg ha&minus:1 year&minus:1, the P2O5 supply of 153 mg kg&minus:1, and the K2O supply of 279 mg kg&minus:1 proved to be optimal in terms of NUE indices.
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