Impact of Side Effects on Anemia Therapy Compliance

Background/Objectives: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent hematological condition globally, with treatment often complicated by adverse effects that compromise patient adherence and clinical outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and management of side effects associated with anemia treatments among Romanian patients, aiming to identify key factors influencing treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to adult patients diagnosed with anemia. Data were collected from 382 participants, covering demographic variables, anemia causes, treatment types, and patient-reported side effects. Results: Of the participants, 45% reported side effects, with a higher prevalence in intravenous (52%) than oral administration (48%). Common side effects included gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea/vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain) and systemic symptoms (fatigue, headaches). Our analysis revealed that as the patient age increased, the severity of treatment-related side effects also intensified (p &lt: 0.01), particularly in gastrointestinal discomfort. Similarly, BMI was a significant predictor (p &lt: 0.05), suggesting that metabolic factors play a role in symptom manifestation. Notably, severe side effects were significantly associated with treatment modifications and lower patient satisfaction. Supplements like magnesium and vitamin D3 showed positive effects in mitigating the side effects, whereas probiotics and vitamin C had mixed outcomes. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant burden of side effects in anemia treatment, emphasizing the need for personalized management strategies to improve adherence and clinical outcomes.